The expression holodom moryty means "to inflict death by hunger." The Ukrainian verb moryty ( морити) means "to poison, to drive to exhaustion, or to torment." The perfective form of moryty is zamoryty, 'kill or drive to death' In English, the Holodomor has also been referred to as the artificial famine, famine genocide, terror famine, and terror-genocide. Holodomor literally translated from Ukrainian means "death by hunger", "killing by hunger, killing by starvation", or sometimes "murder by hunger or starvation." It is a compound of the Ukrainian holod, ' hunger' and mor, ' plague'. Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognized by the European Parliament, Ukraine alongside 22 countries, as a genocide against the Ukrainian people carried out by the Soviet regime. The famine's widespread impact on Ukraine persists to this day. However, current scholarship estimates a range significantly lower, with 3.5 to 5 million victims. A joint statement to the United Nations signed by 25 countries in 2003 declared that 7–10 million died.
Early estimates of the death toll by scholars and government officials vary greatly. This caused Ukraine to be hit particularly hard by the famine. Ukraine was one of the largest grain-producing states in the USSR and was subject to unreasonably higher grain quotas, when compared to the rest of the USSR. Others suggest that the famine arose because of rapid Soviet industrialisation and collectivization of agriculture. Some historians conclude that the famine was planned and exacerbated by Joseph Stalin in order to eliminate a Ukrainian independence movement.
While scholars universally agree that the cause of the famine was man-made, whether the Holodomor constitutes a genocide remains in dispute. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union. The Holodomor ( Ukrainian: Голодомо́р, romanized: Holodomor, IPA: derived from морити голодом, moryty holodom, 'to kill by starvation'), also known as the Terror-Famine or the Great Famine, was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians.
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